FEDPOD Journal of Multidisciplinary Innovations and Perspectives
FEDPOD JMIP is an interdisciplinary, bi-annual, open-access, peer-reviewed Journal. It aims to advance knowledge and foster innovations by publishing high-quality articles that cover a broad range of themes in Engineering, Science, Technology, Social and Management Sciences, Arts, Humanities, and Vocational Studies. The platform is committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity, rigour, and excellence to publish original research articles, review articles, case studies, and other scholarly works that meet the highest standards of academic excellence. All submissions to FEDPOD JMIP will undergo a rigorous peer-review process to ensure that they meet quality standards. Our editorial team, comprising distinguished scholars and experts in their fields, ensure that all submissions undergo rigorous peer review to guarantee the quality and validity of the published content.
RECENT ADVANCES IN PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS FOR ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
Solar energy technology, particularly photovoltaics (PV), has experienced significant advancements over the past three decades. While photovoltaic technologies have achieved notable maturity in terms of materials, efficiency, cost, and production, various application domains continue to evolve. This review explores recent progress in PV applications across several less-reviewed areas, including transportation, domestic uses, street lighting, and water- related applications. Each domain's sub-applications and the potential future developments are highlighted. Advances include integrating smart controls to optimize energy use based on solar availability and building demand. Indoor PV applications involve using solar energy to power devices and systems within buildings, such as lighting, ventilation, and small appliances with recent progress which includes innovations in the use of transparent PV panels for windows and specialized PV cells for indoor light harvesting. These technologies aim to enhance energy efficiency and reduce reliance on grid power within homes. PV technology is increasingly utilized in street lighting systems, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional grid-powered lights which has recent developmental focus on integrating high-efficiency PV cells with LED lighting to reduce energy consumption. Innovations include autonomous, off-grid street lighting systems with integrated batteries to store solar energy for nighttime use even in practical physics experiment in school laboratory. In water applications, PV-powered desalination systems convert solar energy into electricity to drive desalination processes, providing fresh water in arid region. Advances include solar stills and solar-powered reverse osmosis systems.
Photovoltaic, Applications, Energy Sustainability, Photovoltaic panel, power devices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sabastine Emeka Ugwuanyi (Author)
ANALYSIS OF SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTOR USING MATLAB/SIMULINK
High starting and decelerating torque are provided by DC motors in applications that call for rapid stops or reversals. DC motors are well suited for speed control over a large range, which is easily accomplished. In this study, an independently stimulated DC motor is started using three distinct techniques: (i) Increasing the voltage gradually while decreasing it until it reaches a constant value (controlled voltage) (ii) Using a direct starter (iii) Using a step resistance starter to begin. The impact of machine characteristics like rotational speed (ω), armature current (Ia), and torque (Te) on the three (3) approaches will also be examined in this study MATLAB Simulink.
Electromechanical, Armature, Torque, Simulink, Machine, Starter
Copyright (c) 2026 Olawale Saheed Yekini (Author)
REVAMPING AFRICAN HISTORICAL CULTURE FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH MUSIC AND LANGUAGE IN THE DIGITAL AGE.
This study explores the complex relationship between music, culture, Language and technology with an emphasis on advancing African heritage and culture in the digital age. Through the use of multidisciplinary methodology, the research explores the ways different musical languages -including traditional rhythms, instruments and modern compositions can be utilized to conserve, honour and propagate African cultural identities through digital media. Drawing from ethnographic research, case studies, and digital humanities methodologies, the research explores the transformative potentials of digital technologies in amplifying the reach and impact of African musical expressions. It examines the roles of social media, streaming platforms, and virtual reality in democratizing access to African music, fostering global connections, and empowering communities to reclaim narrative of cultural authenticity and resilience. The study further interrogates the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital landscape, including issue of cultural appropriation, commodification, and the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage. The research seeks to propose ethical frameworks and innovative strategies for leveraging musical languages as catalysts for cultural revitalization and intercultural dialogue in the digital age. It will contribute to deeper understanding of the relationship between music, technology, and cultural identity which will foster cultural pride, diversity, and connectivity in an increasing interconnected world.
Harmonizing, African, culture, musical languages, Application, Digital age
Copyright (c) 2026 Olumilua Bamidele , Mathew Kehinde Olasebikan , Ademola Gbenga Eluwole , Mayowa Christopher Ojo (Author)
CREDIT MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL INCLUSIVITY IN MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Microfinance institutions play an importance role in promoting financial inclusivity by providing broad range of financial services to the underserved population. The quest for inclusive finance gave rise to micro credit and later microfinancing. Credit management is essential for microfinance institutions (MFIs) to attain financial sustainability while ensuring that clients receive appropriate financial products. Lifting the poor out from poverty through financial and social inclusion is the ultimate target and raison d'etre of microfinance Institutions. The study was set to systematically review the impact of microfinance institutions’ Credit management on the financial inclusivity in Nigeria. Several researches on the related topic were analysed to identify best practices in credit management that can improve financial inclusivity, reduce default rate, and increase MFI’s overall financial sustainability. It is surprising that despite all the Government efforts and programmes to reduce the number of people living in abject poverty and include them to the traditional banking system, limited researches exist on how Credit management of the Microfinance Institutions impacted on the financial inclusivity. The research was able to establish that microfinance credit management has a significant impact on financial inclusion in Nigeria. This systematic review synthesizes existing researches on credit management and financial inclusivity in MFIs, examining the intersection of these two critical aspects. We analysed several studies published between 1990 to 2023 and identified that credit appraisal, credit scoring, credit officer behaviour and client selection, financial literacy and the use of Fintech are factors that are fundamental to achieving success in credit management in MFIs and they have direct relationship with financial inclusion. The paucity of exclusive research on the contributions of Microfinance Institutions in including those excluded by the traditional banks in Nigeria makes it difficult to ascertain the proportion of Nigerians that have accessed credit because of the existence of Microfinance Institutions’ Credit Management.
Credit Management, Financial Inclusivity, Microfinance Institutions
Copyright (c) 2026 Chinweuba Jude Omeh (Author)
DEBT STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
This study investigated debt structure and financial performance of listed industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The sample size for the study consisted of thirteen (13) listed industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The study used secondary data collection method. The secondary data were obtained from the listed industrial goods firm’s annual reports and accounts. Data were analyzed using descriptive and Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tools with the aid of statistical package for social sciences. The findings reveal that debt capital was found to have very strong relationship with return on asset. Also, debt capital had significant and positive impact on return on equity of listed industrial goods firms in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was concluded that debt capital structure significantly affects financial performance. Therefore, the study recommends that when capital is raised through debt instruments, more focus should be channeled towards other areas for performance enhancement instead of relying on returns from owners’ capital employed alone. Finally, Management should strive to improve on the ratio of assets to its liabilities
Capital Structure, Debt Capital, Financial Performance, Return on Asset, Return on Equity
Copyright (c) 2026 Charles Barinem Zorkpa (Author)
ECOCRITICAL EXAMINATION OF MAY IFEOMA NWOYE’S OIL CEMETERY
This paper titled “Ecocritical Examination of May Ifeoma Nwoye’s Oil Cemetery” explores the ecocritical perspective as envisaged in May Ifeoma Nwoye’s Oil Cemetery. Ecocriticism is a worldwide emergent movement which came into existence as a reaction to man’s (anthropocentric) attitude of dominating nature. The paper adopts the ecocritical theory in order to interpret the hazards brought upon the natural environment as a result of oil exploration activities and the resultant effects on human lives. The paper therefore looks at the environmental problems of oil spillage, pipeline vandalization, gas flaring, land degradation, destruction of marine life, diseases and untimely deaths resulting from the process of oil drilling by the multinational oil companies operating in the Niger Delta area, as captured in Oil Cemetery. The author creates a protagonist, Rita, who remains resolute and determined to seek redress and liberate her people from the oppression and exploitation brought upon her community by the oil companies. Through a series of persistent protests, dialogues and intervention of the Freedom Bench, sanity is restored. This leads to peace and development in the area, as social amenities hitherto denied the communities by the oil companies are provided. With peace comes economic development at the wider; communal and national levels.
Ecocriticism; May Ifeoma Nwoye; Oil-Cemetery; Ecocritical theory; oil exploration
Copyright (c) 2026 Victoria Onyapa Ogba (Author)
DIGITAL PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
The paper on Digital Privacy and Data Protection in the 21st Century: Challenges and Solutions, addresses the critical and evolving landscape of digital privacy amidst rapid technological advancements. As organizations increasingly rely on digital platforms, the study highlights significant challenges such as the rising frequency of data breaches, the complexity of privacy threats, and the inadequacy of existing regulatory frameworks. The study aims to explore current digital privacy challenges, evaluate existing data protection frameworks, and propose actionable recommendations for enhancing privacy measures. The methodology adopted in this research is a qualitative research approach focusing on document analysis and literature review, which was used in identifying, selecting, and critically appraising relevant research. By emphasizing the importance of user awareness, compliance with evolving regulations, and the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, this study underscores the necessity for continuous adaptation in strategies to safeguard personal and organizational data in an increasingly interconnected world. The recommendations presented aim to foster responsible innovation while ensuring the protection of individual rights and freedoms in the 21st century
Digital Privacy, Data Protection, Privacy, Threats Regulatory, User Awareness
Copyright (c) 2026 Ibrahim Hussain , Chinyere Ihuoma Anyanwu , Samuel Owoicho Olofu, Alabi Rahmat (Author)
VALUE ADDITION CHALLENGES AMONG SMALL-SCALE TEA FARMERS IN SARDAUNA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
This research work analysed value addition challenges among small-scale tea farmers in Sardauna Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. It specifically looked at the value chain activities of the small-scale tea farmers, factors influencing tea value addition, sources of information and constraints to addition of values to tea. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 110 respondents for this study. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Probit regression. The results revealed that the major value addition activities (Production) undertaken by the respondents were land preparation (89.1%), tea planting (88.2%), tea pruning (87.3%) and pest and disease control. Also the major value addition activities (Processing) undertaken by the respondents were storing tea leave (81.8%), drying of tea leave (80.9%), oxidation and steaming (79.1%) and harvesting (73.6%). Factors influencing tea value addition among small-scale tea farmers are household size and extension contact. The majority of tea farmers (45%) got their information from family and friend. Lack of tea processing ( = 2.7000), lack of finance ( =2.6182), low market demand ( = 2.5455), low yield ( = 2.5364) and high cost of transportation ( = 2.4364) were major problems hindering tea value addition. There is need by Stakeholders to embark on ways and means that would empower tea farmers through the provision of modern equipment and infrastructure through cooperative formation by pooling resources together than waiting on government to achieve their goals.
Value Addition, Challenges, Small-Scale Tea Farmers
Copyright (c) 2026 Tseten Iliya Gideon Ashasim , Rimamyere Gideon , Charles Derick (Author)
EFFECT OF RADIO CAMPAIGN IN PROMOTING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS: A STUDY OF RESIDENTS IN ENUGU NORTH AND SOUTH FEDERAL CONSTITUENCY
The focus of this research was on Effect of Radio Campaign in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Women in Rural Areas (A Study of residents in Enugu North and South Federal Constituency). The ultimate aim of the study was to assess the extent to which radio campaign is used in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among women in rural areas in Enugu North Federal Constituency and to find out whether radio campaigns that promote exclusive breastfeeding have significant effect on women in rural areas. The researcher adopted the Agenda Setting Theory and the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework of the study. The survey research method was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 1033560. A total of 400 copies of questionnaire were administered to the sample of the study while 375 were successfully returned for statistical analysis. The data was analysed using tables, frequencies and percentages. Findings of the study revealed that Radio campaign is extensively used in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among women in rural areas in Enugu North Federal Constituency. It was also discovered that Radio campaigns that promote exclusive breastfeeding have significant effect on women in rural areas. However, Women in rural areas do not comply to exclusive breastfeeding as a result of radio campaigns. Part of the recommendations of the study was that Frequent and constant portrayal of information about exclusive breastfeeding should be disseminated to nursing and expecting mothers as to create more access to information on good health care practices. Also, radio as well as other broadcast channels should adopt a more strategic approach towards mobilising nursing and expectant mothers towards proper infant and maternal health care practices which exclusive breastfeeding is part of.
Radio Campaign, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Rural Area, Enugu North, Enugu South
Copyright (c) 2026 Ikemefuna Freedom Onovo , Chiegbuodo Eunice Nebo (Author)
RECENT ADVANCES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
Electrochemical cells (ECs) are increasingly crucial across various domains for its energy conversion, storage and energy sustainability. Electrochemical synthesis has emerged as a promising method to mitigate issues related to high energy consumption and pollution. As the global shift away from conventional energy sources continues, effective and efficient energy storage devices are becoming essential. Innovative electrochemical energy storage solutions, such as hybrid batteries, hybrid redox flow cells, and bacterial batteries, are part of the answer. These alternative configurations offer flexibility in materials and operating conditions, high energy conversion efficiency, and modular design options. Advances in all-solid-state batteries, which feature durable electrodes for extended cycles and high energy density, enable the development of long-lasting electronic and point-of-care devices. New batteries using abundant metal ions are approaching the performance levels of lithium-ion batteries, while flow batteries with engineered redox molecules and membrane-free designs are reducing costs and improving energy density. Some batteries, like carbon-neutral Li-CO2 batteries, not only store energy but also capture CO2, offering dual benefits of energy storage and carbon sequestration. This review explores recent advancements in energy storage devices, highlighting the shift from traditional to unconventional battery designs. It examines the operational flexibility, energy efficiency, and application compatibility of these technologies, emphasizing their role in promoting energy sustainability and reducing carbon footprints. This article summarizes how electrochemical cells have become essential for innovation and solving modern challenges, underscoring their importance in shaping a sustainable future.
Electrochemical synthesis, Electrochemical cells (ECs), energy efficiency, energy sustainability, Battery
MITIGATING THE EFFECT OF PIPELINE VANDALISM AND PRODUCTION DECLINE IN NIGERIA’S OIL AND GAS SECTOR: A CASH FLOW PLANNING APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE FIRM SURVIVAL
The study considered mitigating the effect of pipeline vandalism and production decline in Nigeria’s oil and gas sector using a cash flow planning approach to sustainable survival. Net cash flow from operating activities (NCFOA), Net cash flow from investing activities (NCFIA), and Net cash flow from financing activities (NCFFA) were the independent variables, while sustainable survival was the dependent variable. Six (6) of the eleven (11) oil and gas firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) using a simple random sampling technique. The ex-Post facto research design was adopted. Three hypotheses guided the study. Regression models were used. The results revealed that NCFOA, NCFIA and NCFFA have significant positive effect on sustainable survival. Implications of the findings include that an increase in NCFOA will enhance firm survival, just investing decisions will significantly affect survival. The study recommends that managers of oil and gas firms in Nigeria should expand activities such as improved marketing and promotions, carefully evaluate investment choices to include building refineries to guarantee optimal value creation and increased survival. While considering the limits of the risk appetite of the management.
Cash flow activities, Firm survival. Oil and gas sector. Cash flow planning and Sustainability
Copyright (c) 2026 Emmaculeta Obianujun Agbo , V Onyeka, Cynthia Ononuju Emmanuel (Author)
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF TEAM TEACHING ON THEIR INTEREST IN BIOLOGY COURSES IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study analyzed undergraduate students’ perception of the influence of team teaching on their interest in biology courses in Anambra State utilizing survey research design. The population of the study was made up of 4, 176 second year regular undergraduate students in Physical Sciences and Science Education that offered Biology courses in the two public universities for the 2023/24 academic session. The participants of the study consisted of 420 (220 males and 200 females) second year regular undergraduate students drawn through simple random sampling technique and accidental sampling technique. 12-item validated questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Cronbach Alpha method was used to ascertain the reliability of the questionnaire to obtain reliability co-efficient value of 0.81. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test. The findings of the study revealed that undergraduate students perceive that team teaching positively influenced their interest in Biology courses. Furthermore, a significant difference existed in male and female undergraduate students’ interest in Biology on exposure to team teaching as perceived by them in favour of males. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that university authorities should ensure that Biology lecturers sustain their use of team teaching technique so as to sustain their students’ interest in Biology courses.
Undergraduate students, Perception, Biology, Team teaching and Interest.
Copyright (c) 2026 Onyinyechukwu Jennifer Nzeakor (Author)
BRIQUETTING A BETTER ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSING GUINEA CORN STRAW (AGRO RESIDUE) IN ENUGU STATE
In Enugu state, the predominant population in the rural area are involved in subsistence farming were reasonable Large quantity of guinea corn straw is generated that are either left to rot on farmlands or disposed of by burning in open air. In many rural areas, the residues are also used in their raw form for cooking purposes which is inefficient. The disposal and use of the residues cause pollution in the environment which affects human health. Guinea corn straw can provide a source of clean and renewable energy in the form of solid biofuel called briquettes through densification. Briquetting is a densification technology that converts residues with a low heating value per unit volume into high density and energy concentrated fuels. This paper offers a perspective on the potentials of guinea corn straw in Enugu state to produce briquettes as an alternative clean and sustainable domestic cooking fuel. The paper concludes that briquettes could be economically and environmentally friendly alternative to fuelwood.
Energy, Biomass, Briquettes, Sustainability, Pollution.
Copyright (c) 2026 A.A. Anthony , F.M Abu , M.E Egbe (Author)
GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCE IN INTEREST IN MATHEMATICS AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL, ABUJA USING AUDIO-VISUAL INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS
This study set out to examine gender-based difference in interest and achievement in mathematics among middle school students in Abuja Municipal Area Council using audio-visual instructional aids. The research adopted quasi-experimental research design. Data were collected from a sample of 64 students comprising 32 boys and 32girls from two randomly selected government junior secondary schools in Abuja Municipal Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory. The schools were grouped into one experimental and one control groups. Audio visual assisted instruction (AVAI) was used for the experimental group while the control group was taught using the conventional method. A 50 item instrument called Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) developed by the researcher with a reliability coefficient of 0.78 using Kuder-Richardson formula 21 and a mathematics Interest scale (MIS) with 14 items and 5 response options were used for data collection, Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation for answering the research questions and t-test at coefficient alpha level of 0.05 for testing the hypotheses. The results shows that there is no significant difference between the academic achievement and interest of male and female students who were exposed to Audio visual assisted instruction. Based on these findings, it was recommended that mathematics teachers should be encouraged to use audio visual assisted instructions to teach mathematics at all levels of education and teachers in training should be equipped with knowledge of computer vast enough in to be able to make effective use of audio- visual assisted instruction for mathematics teaching. as it is beneficial to both genders.
Gender; Audio; Visual; Teacher; Secondary School
Copyright (c) 2026 Frank Uzobuife , Lucky Absalom Otutu , Olumide Ayodeji Adegbite (Author)
PRE-GERMINATION AND DORMANCY RESPONSE OF MORINGA OLEIFERA (DRUM STICK) SEEDS TO PRE-TREATMENTS TECHNIQUES AND GROWTH MEDIA
The study investigated the effects of two pretreatment techniques (Cold water and Hot water) and growth media on breaking seed dormancy and germination response of Moringa oleifera seeds. The seeds were immersed in cold water (3hrs, 6hrs, and 12hrs) and hot water (7min, 10min, and 14min).After pre-treatment the seeds were sown on three different growth media. Randomized complete Block design with 2 treatments and 3 germination media was adopted for this experiment. The result showed that earliest mean days of emergence (8days) was observed in seeds subjected to cold water treatment soak for 12hrs time interval and sowed in sandy soil as growth medium. The highest rate of germination was recorded in cold water treatment soak for 12hrs and sowed in sandy soil growth medium (13) and loamy soil growth medium (10) with significant variation while the other recorded the lower germination rate (01-04). Sandy soil growth medium showed significant effect in cold water treatment soak for 12hrs. Thus cold water soaked for 12hrs and sowed in sandy soil growth medium was recommended for pretreatment of Moringa oleifera seeds prior to planting to improve germination performance. In situations where the use of cold water pretreatment might be limited by certain risk factors, control should be adopted.
Germination, Dormancy, Pre-treatment, Growth Media, and Moringa oleifera
Copyright (c) 2026 A.A. Tijjani (Author)
OPTIMIZING GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MUSTARD (BRASSICA NIGRA L.) USING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY MANURE AND ASH MIXTURE IN UNWANA,EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
Low soil fertility is one of the major constraints in crop production and productivity, including mustard in southeastern Nigeria. The study investigated the growth, yield and yield components of mustard as influenced by different levels of poultry manure and ash of 0, 5 and 10tha-1 of poultry manure and 0, 3 and 6tha-1 of Ash. The experiment was a 3 x 3 factorial fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were collected on plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), total seed weight (kgha-1), straw yield (kgha-1), oil yield (kgha-1) and oil content (%). Data collected were analyzed using ANOVA and significant means were separated with the least significant difference at 5% probability level. The results obtained revealed that the soil of the experimental site was acidic (pH 4.20) and the site was low in fertility (organic carbon - 1.43%, organic matter-1.47%, nitrogen – 0.14%, phosphorus – 18.27mg/kg and potassium – 0.12cmol. the mixtures of the poultry manure and yield improved the soil pH as well as enhanced growth, yield and yield components of mustard. The mixture of 10tha-1 poultry manure and 6tha-1 Ash significantly (p=0.05) enhanced yield and yield components of mustard in Unwana, Ebonyi State, southeastern Nigeria. The application of poultry manure and ash at 10tha-1 and 6tha-1 produced the best result and thus has the potential of increasing mustard production in Unwana.
Mustard, Organic Manure, Growth, Yield and Unwana.
Copyright (c) 2026 B. A. Essien , D. E. O Azu , S. I. Ijearu (Author)
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, PROXIMATE AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR (GC-FID) IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAVES.
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem is one of the most promising medicinal plants having a wide spectrum of biological activities. This study was aimed at screening the phytochemical and identification of the bioactive constituents of the ethanolic extract of neem leaves. About 1kg of fresh matured leaves was collected, washed and dried for one week and pulverized into a fine powder using an electric blender. Using ethanol as the solvent, Soxhlet extraction method was employed to extract the bioactive ingredients and concentrated using rotary evaporator. The vitamins, proximate parameters and phytochemical screenings were determined following standard methods. The minerals were done using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The bioactive compounds were analyzed using GC-FID techniques. The macro mineral contents were; Na (18.87 ± 0.01 ppm), Ca (6.03 ± 0.00 ppm) and P (10.45 ± 0.02 mg/kg), while vitamins (mg/100g) were 6.78 ± 0.01, 10.08 ± 0.07, 4.67 ± 0.04 for B, C and carotenoid, respectively. The proximate compositions (%) were; fat (12.50 ± 0.02), protein (29.00 ± 0.10) etc. The phytoextract revealed moderate level of all the bioactive compounds including alkaloid, saponin, etc., except glycoside which was high. The GC-FID analysis revealed the presence of twelve (12) constituents: resveratrol, catechin, ribalinidine, flavanones, flavan-3-ol, flavones, aglycone, lunamarin, gallocatechin, isoflavonoids and kaempferol. The significant presence of these compounds suggest that neem leaf may hold promise in traditional and contemporary medicinal practices.
Azadirachta indica, ethanolic, extraction, phytochemicals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anthony Ogbonnia Agbo , Kelechi Mbah-Omeje (Author)
INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS AMONG STUDENTS OF HASSAN USMAN KATSINA POLYTECHNIC, KATSINA STATE
This study investigated the Influence of Motivation on Academic Achievement in Mathematics among ND II Students of Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsina State. The study has four objectives, one of which seeks to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation and students’ academic achievement. Second, one seeks to find out the relationship between extrinsic motivation and students’ academic achievement. This is guided by four research questions, and four hypotheses respectively. The study adapted survey design. A sample size of 338 was selected randomly from a population of 2800 ND II students of Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic. One Instrument known as Harters Scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic Motivation was Adopted and validated by experts to guide in the data collection. The study presented the results and discussion of findings. Four research hypotheses were tested in the use of t-test and PPMCC at 0.05 level of significance. Statistical software called SPSS version 27.0 helped in the analysis of data obtained. From this result, it was found that there is significant relationship between motivation and students’ academic achievement. The results obtained further disclosed that there is no significant relationship between extrinsic motivation and students’ academic achievement. The results further confirmed no significant difference in the intrinsic motivation of male and female students, and also there is no significant difference in the extrinsic motivation of male and female students in the study area. The study concluded that students’ intrinsic motivation is effective in improving academic achievement in this study.
Influence, Motivation, Academic Achievement, Mathematics, Katsina State
Copyright (c) 2026 Musa Ahmad Ibrahim (Author)
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GULLY EROSION ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN ORUMBA NORTH LGA, ANAMBRA STATE
This study aims to investigate effects of climate change on gully erosion adaptation strategies in Orumba North Local government area of Anambra State. To achieve this aim, three objectives were formulated to guide the study. Relevant literature was reviewed based on the topic. The study adopted a descriptive design with a population size of 11,250. The random sampling technique was adopted to select a sample size of hundred (100) from the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the respondents. The completed copies of the instrument were collated and analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The results amongst others show that climate change led to heavy rainfall, high temperature, changes in seasonal rainfall, increase flash storms and soil degradation all increased the severity of gully erosion, poor agricultural practices, heavy rains, urbanization and certain soil all contribute to the causes of gully erosion and reforestation initiatives, soil conservation techniques, community awareness programs, construction of check dams and collaborative projects with NGOS and stakeholders to develop and implement erosion management plans are possible strategies used by the local government to mitigate and manage gully erosion in Orumba North local government area of Anambra State. It was there recommended that the policy makers should develop policies that address the impacts of climate change on gully erosion, focusing on infrastructure improvements to manage heavy rainfall and runoff, encourage sustainable farming practices to reduce soil degradation and mitigate erosion causes and strengthen partnerships with NGOs to implement reforestation and erosion management initiatives effectively.
Climate Change, Gully Erosion, Sustainable Agriculture, Reforestation, Community engagement
Copyright (c) 2026 Jude Obinna Ijomah (Author)
PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF COMPLEMENTARY FOOD MIXES FORMULATED FROM SOYA BEANS, CARROTS, DATES, TIGERNUTS, GROUNDNUT, GINGER AND GARLIC
This study evaluates the physiochemical and sensory characteristics of complementary food mixes formulated from soya beans, carrots, dates, tigernuts, groundnut, ginger, and garlic. Malnutrition remains a significant public health concern, particularly in developing regions where protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent. The formulated mixes aim to enhance nutrient intake, especially for infants aged 6 to 18 months, by incorporating locally available, nutrient-dense ingredients. The research involved the preparation of three different formulations with varying ingredient ratios. Physicochemical analysis included assessments of moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate content, while sensory evaluation focused on taste, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability. The results showed that soya beans and groundnuts contributed significantly to protein content, while carrots and dates enriched the mixes with vitamins and minerals. Tigernuts provided additional energy and fiber. The sensory evaluation indicated that formulations with a balanced proportion of ingredients were more acceptable in terms of taste and aroma. Findings suggest that these complementary food mixes can serve as an effective alternative to conventional weaning foods, helping to address malnutrition among infants and young children. The study recommends further research on the shelf-life and long-term acceptability of these formulations. Additionally, promoting the use of locally sourced nutrient-rich ingredients can support sustainable nutrition interventions. These formulations, if widely adopted, can play a crucial role in improving infant nutrition and reducing the prevalence of malnutrition in vulnerable populations.
Complementary food, Malnutrition, Physiochemical analysis, Sensory evaluation, Nutrient composition
Copyright (c) 2026 Nnenna Ngozichukwuka Chinze (Author)
YOUTHS ENGAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVES: A STRATEGY TO REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL VICES IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
Agricultural co-operatives have traditionally been seen as a means of enhancing productivity, rural development and providing youths opportunities for skill-building, teamwork and community engagement among others. While previous researches had noted co-operatives' role in socio-economic development, gaps exist in their effectiveness for engaging youths. This study therefore centred on youths engagement in agricultural co-operatives as a strategy to reduce unemployment and social vices in Enugu State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and carried out in Enugu East and Nkanu East Local Government Areas of Enugu State respectively, with 271 members from 13 selected registered primary co-operative societies, who are predominantly farmers and youth based, sampled. Data were analyzed in frequency tables, simple percentages and mean with the aid of a 5-point likert scale, while hypotheses were tested using Pearson Correlation Co-efficient. Results showed that youth engagement in agricultural co-operatives had a significant positive relationship with reduction in unemployment (r = 0.423 < 0.983 p <0.05) and social vices (r = 0.462 < 0.966, p <0.05 in Enugu State. The study concluded that youths engagement in agricultural co-operatives significantly reduces unemployment and social vices in Enugu State, fostering socioeconomic development. State government should invest in agricultural co-operatives for youth employment to reduce unemployment rates in Enugu State; State government should support youth-focused co-operative programs to mitigate social vices through increased productive engagement. This study enhances understanding of how agricultural co-operatives empower youth, reduce unemployment, and link participation to improved social behavior and decreased social vices.
Agricultural Co-operatives, Unemployment, Social Vices, Enugu State.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emeka Paul Itodo , Clementina Ngozi Onyeze, Mamman Bashir (Author)
CHALLENGES, SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATIONS IN LABORATORY SAFETY PRACTICES IN NIGERIA LABORATORIES
The importance of laboratory safety in Laboratory cannot be overstated. Laboratories house various hazardous chemicals, biological agents, and equipment, making the role of safety protocols critical in protecting both personnel and the environment. Despite advancements in safety regulations, challenges such as inadequate training, outdated equipment, and human error persist. However, recent innovations, including smart safety systems, wearable technology, and virtual reality training, have significantly improved laboratory safety practices. The key challenges facing the laboratory safety among others includes chemical and biological hazards, human error, and financial constraints. It also highlights the innovations that are reshaping laboratory safety, such as automation, safety management software, and green chemistry practices. The discussion emphasizes the need for continuous improvement in safety protocols, the role of global safety standards, and the future of laboratory safety in the context of emerging technologies. The adoption of these innovations is critical in ensuring safer laboratory environments for both current and future generations of SLT professionals. This review article discusses the challenges, safety management and innovations in laboratory safety practices, highlighting current trends and future directions.
: Laboratory Safety, Challenges, Innovations, Smart Safety Systems, Safety Management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hyacinth Ochenehi Akogwu , Jecinta Chinedu Ishiwu , Isah ALamin Okachi , Jude Ifeanyichukwu Okwor (Author)
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND NUTRACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF Ceiba pentandraLEAVES, ROOT, AND STEM BARK
The phytochemical, proximate and vitamin, obtained from Ceiba pentandra leaves, root and stem bark was investigated. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, anthroquinones, phenols, glycosides, quinines, proteins, tannins, terpenoids, triterpenoid and alkaloids. The quantitative phytochemical analysis results showed that the leaves, stem bark and root contain alkaloid (7.4±1.00%), flavonoid (10.60±0.025), saponins (4.80±1.00%). Tannins (9.00±0.11%), phenols (8.10±2.00%), alkaloid (4.6 ±0.2), flavonoids (4.40±1.10), saponins (8.00±0.20), tannins (5.50±0.10), phenols (9.20±1.10), alkaloid (5.7±1.01), flavonoids (5.80±0.05), saponins (8.8±0.11%), tannins (5.8±0.12%), phenols (12.5±0.11) respectively. The result of the proximate composition of the leaves, root and stem bark are: moisture (15.20±0.01%, 13.00±1.00%, 13.53±0.12%), Ash (6.30±1.02%, 2.30±0.02%, 9.40±0.11%), crude fibre (15.80±0.12%, 21.01±0.05%, 19.15±0.05%), protein (13.10±0.03%, 7.65±0.05%, 10.97±1.60%), lipids(2.85±0.11, 3%.02±0.12%, 1.35±0.60%), carbohydrates (47.75±0.13%, 52.02±1.10%, 45.06±1.00%) respectively. The result of the vitamins of Ceiba pentandra leaves as quantified with HPLC are Vitamin: C 0.7465736ug/ml, Vitamin B: 10.26573600ug/ml, Vitamin B2: 9.278400ug/ml, Vitamin A: 0.00562762ug/ml, Vitamin E: 0.0014129ug/ml. These results indicate that Ceiba pentandra is a rich source of phytochemicals and nutrients with significant nutraceutical potential, its leaves and roots, in particular as supplements to address protein and mineral deficiencies. Further research on these components could lead to the development of therapeutic or nutritional supplements.
Ceiba pentandra, phytochemical, Nutraceutical properties, Carbohydrate, Vitamins.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samson Nnaemeka Oha , Ozoemena Christian Ike , Christiana Adeola Taiwo (Author)
EMERGING ISSUES IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: EMPHASIS IN TECHNICAL TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
This study reviewed the concept of Emerging issues, Monotechnics, Polytechnics, colleges of education (technical), it examined Emerging Issues in Monotechnics, Polytechnics and College of Education (Technical). The Comparative Analysis of Emerging Issues in Monotechnics, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education (Technical) was done. It was concluded that Monotechnics, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education (Technical) are established for the study of technology and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills, attitudes, understanding and knowledge relating to occupations in various sectors of economic and social life. It was recommended among others that the Head of Service of the Federation should push for equal job placement between HND Certificate and First Degree Holders.
Emerging Issues, Monotechnic, Polytechnic, Technical, and Institutions
Copyright (c) 2026 C. E. Ugwuanyi, B Idoko , H.L. Salaudeen (Author)
PRODUCTION AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF COOKIES FROM COMPOSITE FLOURS OF WHEAT, UNRIPE PLANTAIN AND BREADFRUIT
This study is aimed at producing cookies from the composite flour of wheat flour, unripe plantain flour and breadfruit flour. Cookies was produced from composite flours of wheat, unripe plantain and breadfruit flours with the following formulations; sample WS1 (100% wheat), WPB2 (90% wheat, 5% unripe plantain, 5% breadfruit), WPB3 (80% wheat, 10% unripe plantain, 10% breadfruit), WPB4 (70% wheat, 15% unripe plantain, 15% breadfruit), WPB5 (60% wheat, 20% unripe plantain, 20% breadfruit) and WPB6 (50% wheat, 25% unripe plantain, 25% breadfruit) respectively. The cookies snacks were analyzed for their sensory and proximate qualities. The sensory attributes revealed that samples WS1 and WPB2 showed an average acceptability compared to other cookies samples. In proximate composition, the parameters evaluated were; moisture content, protein content, fibre content, ash content, fats content and carbohydrate content. The result of proximate analysis showed; moisture ranged from (4.66-8.38), protein content (13.53-15.64), fibre content (9.07-9.55), ash content (4.17-4.61), fats content (8.34-10.47) and carbohydrate content (54.57-56.14). It was concluded that the inclusion of unripe plantain flour and breadfruit flour in cookies production could serve as an alternative flour to achieve the desired economic and healthy food
cookies, composite flour, wheat, unripe plantain and breadfruit
Copyright (c) 2026 Chizoba Nkiru Nwakalor Chizoba Nkiru (Author)
THE DESIGN OF TRANSCEIVERS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED AIR INTERFACE IN SUB-THZ AND THZ FREQUENCY BAND IN 6G NETWORK
The development of transceivers and their respective air interfaces within the sub-THz and THz frequency range is a major milestone in the development of the wireless communication technology. The aim of this paper is to design transceivers and their air interfaces in THz frequencies for the 6G network. The idea of exploiting sub-THz frequencies for next-generation wireless communication has generated much research interest and industrial attention. The sub-THz spectrum from 90 GHz to 300 GHz can provide vast bandwidth for transceiver systems, capable of supporting high-speed wireless communication. Thus, wireless communication technologies developing along the vector of sub-THz frequency might serve as a prominent building block for future network infrastructures. This paper highlights transceiver design and air interface development in the sub-THz and THz frequency bands, from transmitter and receiver units optimized for these frequencies. In the design of the physical layer, a major difficulty that arises is coping with phase distortion and limitations imparted by band-limited analog-to-digital converters. The prime objective of this work is, therefore, to introduce novel communication technologies operating within the sub-THz spectrum and meeting the stringent requirements of next-generation wireless applications.
Transmitter, Receiver, sub-THz, THz frequency band, 6G Network
Copyright (c) 2026 A. C Okafor, R. I Ogbuikwu, N. J Akpan, O. Otache , A. J Onogwu, M. O. Ogbe, O. F Ezea (Author)
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS ON WATER QUALITY DYNAMICS OF OBINNA RIVER WATERSHED IN ADANI COMMUNITY ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA.
Agricultural activities are the major source of nitrate and phosphate pollution of surface water. The study aims to ascertain the effects of agricultural effluents on water quality dynamics of Obinna River watershed in Adani community. Surface water was collected during wet season at up river, middle and down river. Water samples were analyzed for hardness, ammonia-nitrogen, pH, chloride, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, nitrates, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and cations bases (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium). The concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zc and Ni) in water from Obinna River were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer Model VPG210. The result obtained were compared with control area, and WHO standard. The data collected for laboratory analysis were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis (Analysis of Variance Test). The result showed that most of the parameters analyzed in water fall within the permissible limit except dissolved solids, ammonia-nitrogen, turbidity and phosphate with highest overall mean value of 8.71mg/l, 13.57mg/l, 8.04NTU and 5.98mg/l respectively which exceeded WHO permissible limit of 6mg/l, 0.2mg/l, 5mg/l and 5NTU. The mean concentration of heavy metals in water from Obinna River were recorded Cd (0.05), Cr (0.06), Cu (0.03), Fe (0.37), Pb (0.14) and Zn (0.07) all in mg/l. The findings showed that Obinna River were polluted mostly due to high turbidity, dissolved solids, ammonia-nitrogen and phosphate obtained in surface water. This could lead to eutrophication due to deposits from the surface run-off emanating from the agricultural activities which includes application of inorganic fertilizer and animal manure into the farm land to promote crop yield. Therefore, the obtained result confirmed the need to keep the concentrations of physico-chemical parameters of Obinna River under control.
Agricultural pollution, heavy Metals, physico-chemical parameters, water quality and farming activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 O. J Ugwuele, U. I Magaji, Siddi Y. Abba (Author)