RECENT ADVANCES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY

Abstract

Electrochemical cells (ECs) are increasingly crucial across various domains for its energy conversion, storage and energy sustainability. Electrochemical synthesis has emerged as a promising method to mitigate issues related to high energy consumption and pollution. As the global shift away from conventional energy sources continues, effective and efficient energy storage devices are becoming essential. Innovative electrochemical energy storage solutions, such as hybrid batteries, hybrid redox flow cells, and bacterial batteries, are part of the answer. These alternative configurations offer flexibility in materials and operating conditions, high energy conversion efficiency, and modular design options. Advances in all-solid-state batteries, which feature durable electrodes for extended cycles and high energy density, enable the development of long-lasting electronic and point-of-care devices. New batteries using abundant metal ions are approaching the performance levels of lithium-ion batteries, while flow batteries with engineered redox molecules and membrane-free designs are reducing costs and improving energy density. Some batteries, like carbon-neutral Li-CO2 batteries, not only store energy but also capture CO2, offering dual benefits of energy storage and carbon sequestration. This review explores recent advancements in energy storage devices, highlighting the shift from traditional to unconventional battery designs. It examines the operational flexibility, energy efficiency, and application compatibility of these technologies, emphasizing their role in promoting energy sustainability and reducing carbon footprints. This article summarizes how electrochemical cells have become essential for innovation and solving modern challenges, underscoring their importance in shaping a sustainable future.